# Wire Rope Tension Calculator

Only for Circulation in Lectures 18 13 8 x 19 S – NFC 1370/1770 U sZ • 13: 13 mm nominal rope diameter • 8: 8 strands. We have a vast inventory of synthetic lifting slings, chain hoists,. Study the graph "Strength Efficiency of Wire Rope vs. The safe working load limit (mechanical advantage) is the maximum load in pounds which should ever be applied, and when the load is applied uniformly and in direct tension to a straight segment of wire rope. The speed of a wave pulse traveling along a string or wire is determined by knowing its mass per unit length and its tension. If constructional stretch in the wire rope is of concern, safety factors can be increased. The 6 x 36 classification of wire ropes includes standard 6 strand, round strand ropes with 27 through 49 wires per strand. Download Citation | Wire ropes: Tension, endurance, reliability | The main concern of this book is to present the methods used to calculate the most important rope quantities as well as to explain. Offset from wall 2" Pulled tight with a turnbuckle to whatever high tension is feasible using an appropriately sized turnbuckle. Thus if T is the tension at the support B, then T = T O. HANESSUPPLY. Just because you loop a rope around something and pull on both sides with X, doesn't mean at some point the rope will experience 2X. Tension Calculator In physics, a tension is used to measure an objects capacity to withstand the stress and strain. Tension measurement is found in a wide variety of industrial sectors and applications such as rope tension or wire tension of high voltage cables and power lines, winches, suspension cables of elevators and lifts, but also antenna masts, catenaries, festive lighting, street lighting, Christmas illumination, gas torches and flares as well as. 876/ft: Alps Wire Rope Corporation: IL: 5/8" 10,300' 5/8" 6x21 LRL IPS BRT PC $0. Improper unreeling practices lead to premature rope replacement, hoisting problems and rope failure. Watch out: A wire rope or wire cable in the typical dimensions used at railings (1/8-inch to 3/8-inch in diameter) is not a graspable handrailing by any of the building code standards because of its small diameter. 7 x 7 Construction. 7 x 7 wire rope is constructed of 7 x 7 wire rope is constructed of 7 strands of 7 wires. Wire contact conditions A strand is made of wires wound helically in concentric layers. Using the drop down boxes choose your steel wire rope (Step 1) and then choose each ends you wish to us professionally swage for you, (Step 2 & 3) lastly tell us how long it has to be (Step 4) and how many you require (Step 5). Second Formula: 6 x 24 = 20D2 (tons) / 500. Tensile strength is the wire rope‟s resistance to breaking under tension. A strand is a group of wires helically laid around a center in one or more layers. If you pre-tension the wire 100 pounds, the sag is about 0. EACH END can. 2% by weight of lubricant. Using the latest technology in multi-axis CNC machines allows us to produce simple and complex parts efficiently and accurately. National Electric Code. 80-92 Grand Junction Road Kilburn, 5084 , Adelaide, South Australia. Sling Angle is the angle measured between the horizontal plane and the sling leg or body. It has been the main concern of this book to present the methods used to calculate the most important rope quantities (rope geometry, wire stresses in the rope under tension, bending and twist, rope elasticity module, rope torque, rope e?ciency, the bearable number of load cycles or bending cycles and the discard number of wire breaks, etc. It is critical that utility personnel apply the appropriate tension to overhead conductors. Imagine one carries a weight with one’s arm hanging down, and then try lifting the same weight sideways up and away …. Since then, soil has. to calculate the most important rope quantities (rope geometry, wire stresses in the rope under tension, bending and twist, rope elasticity module, rope torque, rope eﬃciency, the bearable number of load cycles or bending cycles. Bullivants Load Calculator. The Safe Working Load is the mass that lifting equipment, usually a wire cable, can safely hold without fear of breaking. The advantages of level winders are that they keep the rope spooling properly even if there is slack in the line. So far on this page we have used kilograms to represent the loads in the illustrations. Grab a calculator to help with your crane pick analysis. We will continue to assume this to be true even when the rope changes direction due to a light frictionless pulley. Used in a basket hitch with the legs at a 90° angle to the load, it would have a working load limit of 1,000 lbs. Gripple 1/8" Cable Rope Grip for Telescopic Antenna Mast Down Guy Wire when Terminating 6-20 and 6-18 Galvanized Steel Wire Strand for use in Down Guys on Telescopic Push-up and TV Antenna Mast, Call Toll Free at 1-877-660-0974. WEDGE SOCKET. NOTE: If the calculated Head Room is greater than the available Head Room, try typing in a smaller angle for Known Angle A. If the load is quickly applied again to the line, the loops are pulled tight into kinks, which can severely weaken the wire rope. " It confirms how readily the Strength Efficiency of the rope. 14KN), Environmental temperature T rif= 25°C, Length at environmental temperature T rif = L tar, Length at increased temperature T = L T, Span length S= 304800mm. Josh Hogan, Royal Flying Doctor Service - Australia. Factors you must consider include: Type of hitch/method of rigging. 946 N, and the tension in the rope at the 29 ° angle is 0. Helps determine the proper wire size for an electrical circuit based on the voltage drop and current. the wire rope to wind evenly onto the drum, and helps to reduce wear to the wire rope, drum, and lead sheave. Too little tension and the sag of the line can be excessive. Installing tension wire tight can be a real challenge even for some experienced installers. References. For instance, try 45 or 30 degrees. Plan/Execute a Rig for S plice - Has. 110 feet long. A maximum fleet angle of 1-1/2° for smooth drums, and 2° for grooved. Offset from wall 2" Pulled tight with a turnbuckle to whatever high tension is feasible using an appropriately sized turnbuckle. Usha Martin rope application spread all over the world is a testimony of its high quality products and services. This book is an important source for everybody working with wire ropes - the construction engineers, operators and supervisors of machines and. Models from 100 grams up to 500 lbs tension. The safe working load limit (mechanical advantage) is the maximum load in pounds which should ever be applied, and when the load is applied uniformly and in direct tension to a straight segment of wire rope. The results of this calculator are approximations only. The Wire Length is the length of the catenary arc. Guy Wire Components Guy Wire Grounding Clamp Accepts ground wire #2 - 4/0 For guy cable sizes 3/16'' - 7/8'' Suitable for direct burial. Guy wires are used to keep poles from leaning when a power line goes around a curve in the road or along a right of way. What tension is required when putting wire rope onto a drum? The cable should be spooled with a minimum tension of either a) 10% of working load or b) 1% to 2% of the rope’s breaking strength, where the breaking load to working load safety factor is 5 to 1 the higher factor (a or b) must be used. More + Product Details Close. We will continue to assume this to be true even when the rope changes direction due to a light frictionless pulley. ca wrote: How do you calculate forces in guy wires? Here is scenario: Tower 80 feet high Two Antennas spaced 10 feet totaling 25 sq feet (bottom 15 top 10 sq feet) on 22 feet, 2. Calculates displacement cable (wire rope) stretch. The prerequisite for this is a rope anchor point, as the measurement takes place on the stationary rope. hanessupply. Wire Rope WWW. The speed of a wave pulse traveling along a string or wire is determined by knowing its mass per unit length and its tension. LiftingSafety’s compressed are steel wire rope pull winches and lifting hoists from premium lifting equipment manufacturers, Yale Ramsey, Pullmaster, Pullmaster and Tractel and more to be added in the near future. 6 x 36 > It’s a question of what your needs are. Maximum service is not obtainable because some strands can carry a greater portion of the load than others can. The main goal of this book is to present the methods used to calculate the most important parameters for ropes, and to explain how they are applied on the basis of numerous sample calculations. The advice and information given in the Guide to Purchasing High Modulus Synthetic Fibre Mooring Lines (the Guide) is intended to be used at the user’s own risk. Common applications include testing of towers, wire pulling for utilities, or marine running line applications. Where tension breaks are found, the rope has been subjected to overloading, either for its original strength (new rope) or for its remaining strength in the case of a used rope. Fastened vertically and securely to a 24" thick concrete wall with thru bolts. (This is a mechanical limitation. Pre-tension the system by pulling the wire rope through the. Fracture and wear mechanisms of steel wires in the rope were investigated employing the VW-9000E high speed camera. Wire Rope Basic Inspection Guidelines. The following equation can provide a reasonable determination to calculate this increase in rope length due to a change in load. Add to Wishlist. Slings should have a minimum design factor appropriate to the type of material asspecified in the appropriate section. Industrial Wire Rope 7390 Harrison Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45247 (888) 345-0919 2086 Exchange Drive St. Related Topics. 14KN), Environmental temperature T rif= 25°C, Length at environmental temperature T rif = L tar, Length at increased temperature T = L T, Span length S= 304800mm. [5] used a new type of force transducer to determine whether the wire ropes are slight or tight. Although gravity always acts in the "down" direction, other forces may not; depending. Related: Wire Rope Inspections, Inspection Process & Equipment Inspections Wire Rope is an item often found on Wire Rope Cranes. NOTE: If the calculated Head Room is greater than the available Head Room, try typing in a smaller angle for Known Angle A. This calculator estimates the amount of elastic stretch experienced by 7x7 stranded wire rope constructed from 302/304 stainless steel that has been proof loaded to 60% of its breaking strength to remove constructional stretch. Wire rope can be permanently damaged by improper unreeling or uncoiling practices. Minimum Breaking Strain (MBS) is also known as the Minimum Breaking Load (MBL). Guy wire and related components are designed to provide stability to towers, antennas, and other utility structures. We also sell Stainless Tie Wire. The pull force is calculated by "legs," straight runs of conduit followed by a bend, and the force needed for each leg is found when app users enter. Wire Rope Usha Martin is known for manufacturing one of the widest range of wire rope products in the world. A wire is a single metallic wire that is either round or shaped. Securely tighten all nuts and bolts used to connect the system to the anchors. This problem requires that we set up the y components of the force vectors equal to zero and the x components. Wire Rope Calculator. 0mm 7×19 G2070 Galvanised Steel Wire Rope (Marine Grade) has virtually no stretch coefficient and High range flexibility. However, in the real world of rivers and the outdoors there are factors that impact or reduce the strength of any rope. I did a search for "sling tension calculator" since what you are doing is an inverted case for a crane lifting sling. Multiply the upward acceleration of the weight by its mass and add it to the tension due to gravity. 52 mm), with smaller gauges designated cable or cords. References. Calculate T (ice), deflection. Using material sizes from. Be able to locate and utilize basic formulas or Crosby tools to assist in the determination of load weight, location of center of gravity and sling tension before the material handling activity begins. 7 x 7 wire rope is constructed of 7 x 7 wire rope is constructed of 7 strands of 7 wires. If the wire rope is spooled without tension, the wire rope will be crushed and flattened prematurely by the upper layers when the wire rope is placed under load (see image 4). High tech synthetic fibers are designed to replace traditional wire rope mooring lines. Structural Stretch is the lengthening of the lay in the. asked by PSS on November 11, 2015; Physics. Fatigue test rig. Download : Download high-res image (479KB) Download : Download full-size image; Fig. Wire rope slings – Do’s and Don’ts in slinging; Inspection and maintenance; Working angles and SWL Charts; Calculating tension to weight at varying angles; Films showing testing and use of chain and wire slings, Wire and fibre rope blocks reeving and maintenance; Calculate head loading and lead rope pull; Use of snatch blocks; Use of. This article provides a relatively simple method to calculate the approximate maximum length if you know the cable's diameter and the reel's dimensions. when the pulleys are up to 150 meters apart), then wire ropes are used. If a body hangs off the centre of a wire whose ends attach a negligible distance from each other, then the tension in the wire is half the weight of the body. A wire rope may be made of one or several strands. 8 m/sec) • Minimum few 100 meters wire rope runs along the PET rope • PET rope needs to have minimum 40% MBS left after the test 30. Step 4: Weave black rope through the edge of the netting to create a strong seam. The size of raceway does not effect the pulling tension or the sidewall pressure. Birdcaging: This condition resembles a birdcage. The formula to figure out your spring constant from a known load and distance traveled is: Rate = (Load – Initial Tension) ÷ Distance Traveled For Example:. Wire rope thimble: M3, fit for 3/ 32 inch and 1/ 8 inch diameter wire rope, create a very neat and tight loop in coated or bare wire ropes and cable, increase the life of your cable by reducing wear Wire rope clip: M3, fit for 1/ 8 inch wire rope, wire rope clips are applied to fix the loose end of the loop back to the wire rope. Nutsert Tension Rod System. WLL: 11,600 ; MBS: 41,200. 1) The basic catenary tension/sag equation is T = wl^2/ (8*d) Actually, that is not the equation of a catenary. Related Topics. ANGLES ZX = a ZY = b XY = c. Raceway Pulling Tension Calculator by Gerald Newton January 17, 2000 Wire Tension Pull Calculator for Curved Duct Section Use values found above pulled to get through the last 90 and it felt like 187 Lb. Learning Objectives. The 6 x 19 ropes. Suppose the velocity of waves on a particular rope under a tension of 10 N is 12 m/s. The Gravity always acts in the down direction, other forces may not. Vector forces can be calculated using mathematical formula. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Tension in the rope must equal the weight of the supported mass, as we can prove using Newton's second law. Add to Wishlist. Rope Tension Meters Rope Tension Meters are designed to measure the tensile stress on various thin components. ' The line used for the 'fuse link' has a 'test' strength of only 25% to 35% of the main antenna support rope. Here h is the sag the cable gets under the action of gravitational force. You can use the chart below to calculate tension factors. Load Cell Central is an industry leader with the broad capabilities to give your business a competitive advantage. Avoid sharp bends in the cable by using a conveyor sheave with multiple small rollers at all 45- and 90-degree bends. 4 Leg Bridle Wire Rope Slings are designed for balanced or unbalanced loads and for heavy lifts. The advice and information given in the Guide to Purchasing High Modulus Synthetic Fibre Mooring Lines (the Guide) is intended to be used at the user’s own risk. Now available for free download, Greenlee's new PullCalc App is the only pulling calculator on the market that finds the approximate pull force needed to install electrical cable inside conduit. Samson Rope Commercial Marine Mooring Lines. The use of the terms ‘will’, ‘shall’, ‘must’ and other similar such words is. Before cutting. Necking down of the broken ends is typical of this type of break. The method of looping back should not be used if there is a possibility of interference of the loop with the mechanism or structure. By contrast, the larger the sheave diameter, the less wear on the rope and the greater its strength efficiency. The forces on each end support are equal to the angular downward and inward force equal to chain tension. 21 m/s2) Using this equation for the 3/8” wire rope, you would calculate the. 946 N, and the tension in the rope at the 29 ° angle is 0. The wire remains static and will not turn. Rigging with Hydraulics - Understands. Examples with Ropes and Pulleys For a light string or rope, we have assumed that the tension is transmitted undiminished throughout the rope. Add to Wishlist. Wire rope consists of several strands of metal wire laid (twisted) into a helix. Depending on the objects that are making contact, the contact force has a different name. ca wrote: How do you calculate forces in guy wires? Here is scenario: Tower 80 feet high Two Antennas spaced 10 feet totaling 25 sq feet (bottom 15 top 10 sq feet) on 22 feet, 2. It’s important to inspect your wire rope for broken wire, corrosion, overuse wear, and kinks. 5, and the manual lifting equipment (such as the. [K Feyrer] -- "The main concern of this book is to present the methods used to calculate the most important rope quantities as well as to explain how they are applied by means of a large number of calculations as. I believe, you are describing the scenario as below (assuming the length of both the wires are the same). This paper introduces a multi-rope hoist wire rope tension on-line monitoring system, which is used to monitor the tension of multi-rope hoist wire rope in real time, thus to calculate the real hoisting load and tension difference. length of the wire rope and break tests can be performed to calculate the ultimate load limits. To Tension load in cable at point of maximum deflection, lbs. Download this document in PDF format. If this is incorrect, clarify your question with a diagram like this. operating practices warning •ail if damaged, can f misused or overloaded. There are also other factors which produce rope extension, which are very small and can normally be ignored. Tension Break. M = pulling length, feet (straight section) T. Second Formula: 6 x 24 = 20D2 (tons) / 500. DRAKO Rope Elongation Calculator (Login) If you do not have access data yet, please fill out the registration form first. Related Topics. Imagine one carries a weight with one's arm hanging down, and then try lifting the same weight sideways up and away …. Loos Seismic Bracing Cable system (from the Locoloc tools to the Loos Ends fittings) is the industry-leader in code-compliant building materials for earthquake preparation for fire sprinkler systems, plumbing, duct work, etc. offers a versatile and safe set up for a variety of applications, including antenna guy wire, telephone pole guy wire, utility pole guy wire jobs, and others that require. The following data is intended as a general guide to aid individuals with the installation of cables inside ducts, raceways or conduit. For this reason, we can see that the value of Bis extremely close to the value of L/2. The safe working load limit (mechanical advantage) is the maximum load in pounds which should ever be applied, and when the load is applied uniformly and in direct tension to a straight segment of wire rope. All Products AllAircraft Cables Cable and Wire RopeBand & WebStrap WireTextileContinuous MeasurementShimpo ACM Mechanical Aircraft Cable Tension Meter More ACX-1 Digital Aircraft Cable Tension Meter More BTX-1 Band Tension Meter More CX-1 Cable and Wire Rope Digital Tension Meter More STX-1 Digital Strap Tension Meter More LX-1 Medium Wire and Cable Tension Meter More TX-1 […]. Just because you loop a rope around something and pull on both sides with X, doesn't mean at some point the rope will experience 2X. g = acceleration of gravity (9. More + Product Details Close. If a body hangs off the centre of a wire whose ends attach a negligible distance from each other, then the tension in the wire is half the weight of the body. Three sheave sizes are available. 7 x 7 wire rope is constructed of 7 x 7 wire rope is constructed of 7 strands of 7 wires. Severe bending is a major cause of short rope life. ** Results may change with real wires: different resistivity of material and number of strands in wire. This calculator estimates the amount of elastic stretch experienced by 7x7 stranded wire rope constructed from 302/304 stainless steel that has been proof loaded to 60% of its breaking strength to remove constructional stretch. It will be discontinued December 31, 2010. Be aware that wire stretches under tension, and this model does not include the effect of stretch (you didn't supply Young's modulus, did you), and its length varies with temperature (no temperature coefficient of expansion provided), these effects are ignored by the calculator. Too much tension and the conductor can snap in cold weather. Tension on the wire is achieved by rotating the fork tensioner. 475/ft: Alps Wire Rope Corporation: IL: 5/8" 4,280' 5/8" 6x7 RRL IPS BRT PC$0. Therefore the rope tension meters have a variety of application ranges. These posts can be either concreted (allow concrete to cure before tensioning) or firmly tamped. Related: Wire Rope Inspections, Inspection Process & Equipment Inspections Wire Rope is an item often found on Wire Rope Cranes. Liggett wire rope industry, and is derived by making a simplistic under load, D d T BearingStress ⋅ ≅ 2 (1) In this case T is the tension in the rope, D is the sheave diameter, and d is the rope diameter. Formula SWL-Fibre Rope. MIL-W-16878 Rev. The Rope Tension Meter. Information about design of sheave and drum (diameter, the shape of the groove profiles and corresponding radius, the drum pitch and the fleet angle) is given in this article. See Figure 4. 6, who created a tension of $3. for pricing and availability. It is as if each side of the wire holds up one half of the weight--as if they attached to the body at two places, sharing the weight between them. Construction: Parallel fibres with an extruded. Offset from wall 2" Pulled tight with a turnbuckle to whatever high tension is feasible using an appropriately sized turnbuckle. Rigging with Hydraulics – Understands. In stricter senses, the term "wire rope" refers to a diameter larger than 3/8 inch (9. In this full length handbook, learn the basics of wire rope including how to choose and measure wire rope. The mass of the load and other factors determine the force. A maximum fleet angle of 1-1/2° for smooth drums, and 2° for grooved. Mount Joy Wire Announces Hiring of Process Engineering Manager and Quality Assistant U. By means of the rope tension meters the measurements of the tensile stress on cables, threads, wires and many more are facilitated. Formula to calculate the current tension in a rigged slackline: Three factors will give you the basis to calculate the appoximate tension on the slackline (the formula is valid for every slackline!). the mechanical behavior of wire ropes. 14KN), Environmental temperature T rif= 25°C, Length at environmental temperature T rif = L tar, Length at increased temperature T = L T, Span length S= 304800mm. Calculate the theoretical tension in the cable and compare it with the observed values for parts 3, 4 and 5. 005in times 92 raised to the power of 36 minus gauge number n, divided by 39: dn (in) = 0. (This is a mechanical limitation. c) Calculate the static tension in the fast line when upward motion is pending (use the appropriate average efficiency factor for a real system where there is friction). Find a Distributor; 5100 Superior Ave Cleveland, OH 44103, USA Phone: (+1)216-361-0221 Fax: (+1)216-361-3111. Maximum Permissible PUlling Length. Multiply the upward acceleration of the weight by its mass and add it to the tension due to gravity. In the formula K—the safety factor of the steel wire rope; Sb—the breaking tensile force of the wire rope (kN); P—the allowable tension (kN) of the steel wire rope. Larger diameter wire rope consists of multiple strands of such laid rope in a pattern known as "cable laid". Add to Wishlist. This is clearly impractical in many applications, and unnecessary if. 52 mm), with smaller gauges designated cable or cords. Plastic cores may consist of a solid, plastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rod or a multi-filament rope of polypropylene (PP), nylon or other synthetic fibers. A self-made bending fatigue test apparatus of steel wire rope under the variable tension was introduced. ''Guy Wire Length Calculator'' Input either 2 sides or one side and one angle. Wire rope rigging slings with fiber cores (FC) are rated at reduced capacities when compared with an equivalent size, wire choker with an independent wire rope core (IWRC). provider of wire ropes, attachments, equipment and service. Although their operating properties vary, all have the same weight per foot and the same minimum breaking force, size for size. (3), for a normal lay, there must be 6 cross-over for a complete wire loop. Type Power-9V in combination with EEIPS (2160 N/mm2) wire tensile grades increases rope strength of up to about 50% over regular strength 6-strand types. 1x19 = less flexible, more strength. Download this document in PDF format. Add to Wishlist. Skillful operation is important to wire rope performance. 0067d2 (d in mm) Aramid 0. Calculate the theoretical tension in the cable and compare it with the observed values for parts 3, 4 and 5. Be aware that wire stretches under tension, and this model does not include the effect of stretch (you didn't supply Young's modulus, did you), and its length varies with temperature (no temperature coefficient of expansion provided), these effects are ignored by the calculator. We also sell Stainless Tie Wire. From what I've been looking up, all the formulas involve tension and a few other things, but I only really need to know the coordinates, and can presume these are all constant. The wires form the strand. for pricing and availability. This video will show you how to calculate the tension in two ropes holding up a load. Creating a reliable tension member. Avoid sharp bends in the cable by using a conveyor sheave with multiple small rollers at all 45- and 90-degree bends. Rope Diameter: 16~36mm. Multi-Strength Basket Grip. Formula SWL-Fibre Rope. If our rope is rated at 30 kN and it is holding a 2 kN load, we can use this. To calculate the safety factor, divide the gear's minimum breaking strength by the maximum force it will support. So far on this page we have used kilograms to represent the loads in the illustrations. A) A 600 kg steel beam is supported by the two ropes shown in (Figure 1). 006 x total conductor area. hanessupply. Dyneema's ® properties:. They have also offered an example of the strength of 3/8” wire rope that has a safe working load of 10. Smooth, steady applica-tion of power by the equipment operator can add signifi-cantly to wire rope service life. Look to ITT Enidine Inc. Do not use angles less than 30 degrees! Wire Rope Slings (Based on 4 legs sharing the load evenly): Chain Slings (Based on 3 legs sharing the load evenly):. Mission & Values. Introductory section describing the fundamentals of wire rope structure, sections with tables listing the physical properties of round and flattened strand wire ropes, section on special wire ropes designed for engineering works, and sections on wire rope recommendations and engineering data. Great concern has been paid to the global response of the wire ropes, such as the tensile and bending stiffness, and also the local deformation of individual wire, which are critically related to the fatigue and damage behavior of the wire ropes. 7 x 19 Construction. In addition, wire rope slings are able to lift hot materials. Wire rope inspections completed according to API guidelines and international standards. The wire remains static and will not turn. Our synthetic soft shackle now available with full chafe protection. The rope selection calculator serves as an initial guide to selecting a rope. The operator can quickly select from 15 different wire sizes and types stored in Quick-Check's memory. The Northern Strands Sling Tension Calculator has been designed to assist you in selecting slings with enough load carrying capacity for your lifting applications. Now available for free download, Greenlee’s new PullCalc App is the only pulling calculator on the market that finds the approximate pull force needed to install electrical cable inside conduit. EACH END can. Typical applications include tower guy wire and pre-tensioned cable barriers, elevators, lifts, gondolas, winch rope, fall arrest systems, pre-stressed concrete, aircraft cables and utilities. The Bullivants Load Calculator for iPhone, iPad and Android™. The wire over it makes a 30 degree angle to the bar it's holding, and is 2. This problem requires that we set up the y components of the force vectors equal to zero and the x components. Fatigue test rig. For example, a wire rope with a strength of 5,000 pounds may be used with a total working load of 2,500 pounds, which means that the cable is operating with a safety factor of 2. Formula SWL-Fibre Rope. 7 results for rope tension drum Save rope tension drum to get e-mail alerts and updates on your eBay Feed. The following data is intended as a general guide to aid individuals with the installation of cables inside ducts, raceways or conduit. like the other strands of the rope. Wire rope is also known by many other names, such as: wire, multi-strand wire, flexible wire, cable, cord, steelcord, etc. High Technology Fibre Rope Weight and Stiffness: Breaking Strength: Fibre Rope Type Weight Per Unit Length (N/m) Polyester 0. Wire Rope Designs Slingmax multi-part wire rope slings are designed for increased capacity and excellent flexibility. To determine the strength, the calculation m = F / g is used, where: m = mass in kilograms. 3 60 107 M5 9. All weight are calculated in Kilograms(kg). Quick Lock System. Please choose either 7x7 Strand wire rope or 1x19 Strand wire rope. Tension a Tension b Tension c Where the triangle has the dimensions shown below: Load Load ↑ ↑ c c b b a 2. As the angle decreases the stress imposed on the leg of a sling increases. 94 \times 10^3 \textrm{ N}$ in a wire making an angle \$5. The results of this calculator are approximations only. Different rope Design factors *note > The rated capacity of a wire rope sling incorporates both a design factor. Numerous companies still use it as a valuable tool for quick proposals. Safe Working Load (SWL) sometimes stated as the Normal Working Load (NWL) is the mass or force that a piece of lifting equipment, lifting device or accessory can safely utilize to lift, suspend, or lower a mass without fear of breaking. Timely delivery as promised was a huge bonus. Rigging with Hydraulics – Understands. Formula SWL-Fibre Rope. The diameters of available wire rope are 3. These ropes then typically run over a traction sheave to move the cab up and down the hoistway. I just need it to calculate a Dyneema rope sag that will be used as a cable way with a payload of 0 and 50 pounds at 20% of the maximum breaking strength tension at normal summer temperatures. 3-roller face plate models typically set for. Compression Spring Calculator. Hollow, tubular steel piles, which are the subject of CalQlata's piling calculator, are generally used as anchors or to prevent movement in small to medium structural foundations in suspect soil conditions either on land or in the seabed. 000 Load on each leg of sling =. The rope selection calculator serves as an initial guide to selecting a rope. Truly Mine Hoisting Solutions®. Determining how to test your wire connection and what equipment to use is an important part of the testing process. The size of raceway does not effect the pulling tension or the sidewall pressure. Used in a choker hitch, it would have a capacity of 375 lbs. Wire rope can be permanently damaged by improper unreeling or uncoiling practices. All Products AllAircraft Cables Cable and Wire RopeBand & WebStrap WireTextileContinuous MeasurementShimpo ACM Mechanical Aircraft Cable Tension Meter More ACX-1 Digital Aircraft Cable Tension Meter More BTX-1 Band Tension Meter More CX-1 Cable and Wire Rope Digital Tension Meter More STX-1 Digital Strap Tension Meter More LX-1 Medium Wire and Cable Tension Meter More TX-1 […]. Not only will you have access to Oliveira’s hard-working products, exceptional service and experienced staff, you also have the expertise and guaranteed value of WireCo WorldGroup, a global leader in engineering, manufacturing and distributing the highest quality wire, wire rope, wire rope assemblies, high strength synthetic rope and. Nye, and T. Brake holding load: 500 tonnes on 1st layer. - Wire rope clips are used to make eyes in wire rope, as shown in figure 6-55. Please choose either 7x7 Strand wire rope or 1x19 Strand wire rope. You calculate it by determining the force of gravity from the load, plus the effect of any accelerations and other forces acting on the rope. Simply hold and "clip" it to the rope to be tested and use the large hand screw to deflect the rope to a fixed angle. A small holding force exerted on. Every physical object that's in contact with another one exerts forces. The tension force is defined as the force that is transmitted through a rope, string or wire when pulled by forces acting from opposite sides. The U-shaped part of the clip with the threaded ends is called the U-bolt; the other part is called the saddle. Step 3 Request a Quote - Please fill in the form bellow to receive your quote. The Gravity always acts in the down direction, other forces may not. Tension Break. D=20 – the sag distance from the horizontal plane to the load suspended below. It has excellent flexibility and abrasion resistance. The angle is very important and can have a dramatic effect on the rated capacity of the sling, due to the increase of tension caused. Download for Desktop. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. which is in series with the wire ropes, to monitor the tension of wire ropes [4]. The breaking strength of a cable depends directly on its cross sectional area. The Safe Working Load is the mass that lifting equipment, usually a wire cable, can safely hold without fear of breaking. The 6 x 19 ropes. Details about Gripple TORQ Tensioning Tool - Antenna Mast Down Guy Wire Rope TOOL Wire Joining & Tension Tool - Free S&H Gripple TORQ Tensioning Tool. The wire rope may be attached as shown in figure 2 or looped through the anchor to increase the strength of the anchor assembly. Identify controls Wire rope in continuous service should be. The breaking stress of a flexible steel Wire Rope is given approximate by the following formula: First Formula: 6 x 12 = 15D2 (tons) / 500. The term "cable" is often used interchangeably with "wire rope", but narrower senses exist in which "wire rope" refers to diameter larger than 3/8 inch (9. Wire Ropes: Tension, Endurance, Reliability [Feyrer, Klaus] on Amazon. Type Power-9V in combination with EEIPS (2160 N/mm2) wire tensile grades increases rope strength of up to about 50% over regular strength 6-strand types. This is caused by improper socketing or seizing, kinks or dog-legs. MIL-W-16878 Cable Designations. Such winches are used for a variety of applications. 0mm 7×19 G2070 Galvanised Steel Wire Rope (Marine Grade) has virtually no stretch coefficient and High range flexibility. High tech synthetic fibers are designed to replace traditional wire rope mooring lines. Hollow, tubular steel piles, which are the subject of CalQlata's piling calculator, are generally used as anchors or to prevent movement in small to medium structural foundations in suspect soil conditions either on land or in the seabed. I think there are some other differences. Pneumatic (Compressed air) operated wire rope hoists and Pneumatic winches that are used for pulling lift hold and tension loads. The Dillon Quick-Check can be installed, take a cable tension measurement and be uninstalled in under 5 seconds! Its versatile design allows it to be used in a variety of applications and on a variety of wire rope diameters and strand types. NATE Hazard Recognition Guide; Cold Guy wire calculator is the newest entry in retrofitting projects to enable increased capacity on guyed towers, Free download tower guy wire tension guide PDF PDF Manuals Library TOWER GUY WIRE TENSION GUIDE PDF Sometimes, it is difficult to find literature to your liking. The advice and information given in the Guide to Purchasing High Modulus Synthetic Fibre Mooring Lines (the Guide) is intended to be used at the user’s own risk. to calculate the most important rope quantities (rope geometry, wire stresses in the rope under tension, bending and twist, rope elasticity module, rope torque, rope eﬃciency, the bearable number of load cycles or bending cycles. In this activity we will examine the precise relationship between tension (T) the force applied to the string, the wave speed (v w) and the linear mass density of the string (µ = m/L which is measured in kg/m). The design of a WRSB should include an assessment of the mass of the impacting vehicle, its speed and angle. Use this simple tool to calculate conduit size and fill percentage, pulling tensions, cable sidewall pressure, jam probability, voltage drop, ground wire sizing, and more. The majority of wire rope performance problems start here. Suppose a sling is rated for 1 Ton: When used in a basket hitch configuration, both ends of the sling are able to support the lifted load. which is in series with the wire ropes, to monitor the tension of wire ropes [4]. Select your unit of measure: Select a material: Music Wire ASTM A228 Stainless 302 ASTM A313 Chrome Silicon ASTM A401. Use a tension meter to measure wire tension in static or running lines with a variety of devices. They are generally fabricated from 6 x 19 or 6 x 37 construction wire cable. Tension on the wire is achieved by rotating the fork tensioner. We do not use Cookies for the processing, collection, or storage of personal data under any circumstances. Too little tension and the line moves away from the direction of the curve. The end of the shank has a spline on it which is engaged by a special power wrench which prevents the bolt from turning while the nut is tightened. That's what I'm trying to do; calculate the force applied by the wire using known tension and known deflection angle. Sling Usage Dictates Sling Body Construction Whether to use a single-part sling (one made of a single wire rope in the sling body) or a multi-part sling (several ropes in the body) is usually the first decision to make after determining the sling length and capacity for a lift. Results: for a cable sag of 3 feet loaded, the tension on the wire is 1667 pounds. For example, you use an electric winch to lift a 200-kg piano to the fifth floor of a building; the piano accelerates upward at a rate of 1 meter per second squared. Birdcaging: This condition resembles a birdcage. 80-92 Grand Junction Road Kilburn, 5084 , Adelaide, South Australia. Double line or pick distant anchor point. GENERAL INFORMATION Wire ropes are composed of independent parts - wires, strands and cores - that continuously • Use enough tension to avoid kinking. Load Calculator. Red Brand fence installation tip shows how to use a hammer to pull slack out of barbed wire. Wire rope slings – Do’s and Don’ts in slinging; Inspection and maintenance; Working angles and SWL Charts; Calculating tension to weight at varying angles; Films showing testing and use of chain and wire slings, Wire and fibre rope blocks reeving and maintenance; Calculate head loading and lead rope pull; Use of snatch blocks; Use of. Wire rope rigging slings with fiber cores (FC) are rated at reduced capacities when compared with an equivalent size, wire choker with an independent wire rope core (IWRC). Rope tension and wear Modern elevator systems have multiple wire ropes that are attached to the cab and counterweight. Using material sizes from. To calculate the safety factor, divide the gear's minimum breaking strength by the maximum force it will support. com in coming months. Used in a choker hitch, it would have a capacity of 375 lbs. These ropes then typically run over a traction sheave to move the cab up and down the hoistway. SIM pull ™ Cable Guide System. The third section takes a look at the wire ropes under bending and tensile force (running ropes). T = string tension m = string mass L = string length and the harmonics are integer multiples. M = pulling length, feet (straight section) T. Used in a basket hitch with the legs at a 90° angle to the load, it would have a working load limit of 1,000 lbs. The Straightpoint COLT is a lightweight wire rope tension meter or shunt tension meter for fast and accurate measurement of tensions up to 11,000lb or 5000 kg and up to 1" or 25mm diameter. Wire Rope Tensile Tension Meter , Find Complete Details about Wire Rope Tensile Tension Meter,Steel Tensile Test Machine With Digital Displaymachine,Material Hydraulic Tensile Universal Testing Machine,Hydraulic Tensile Strength Test Machine from Testing Equipment Supplier or Manufacturer-Beijing Tianma Sling Co. Independent wire rope core, ed coic t at sa l p The core consists of a plastic coated steel core (fig. This system can alert and avoid accidents such as severe tension imbalance and over loading. If you pre-tension the wire 100 pounds, the sag is about 0. Force of tension is exerted by many objects such as rope, string, chain, or cable and we call it in different names based on the types of objects in contact. Strands may be laid in the same or opposite to wire lay. connection to reset the rope lay. hanessupply. As the rope size increases, for instance, a large number of wires can be used to achieve required fatigue resistance, and still those wires will be large enough to offer adequate resistance to abrasion. Lines (VDI)/Manuals, Technical Presentations, Rope Testing Institutes. This quiz will assist you in reviewing the "On The Spot Lift Plan". You may want to use wire rope 'thimbles' to reduce wear on the rope and 'fuse link. Major accomplishments Supervised SERC/Marine Technology Directorate project on methods of predicting the properties of large diameter marine wire ropes, including axial stiffness and fatigue, and. Use a Nail as an Extra Hand. Always place a clip with the. 1) The basic catenary tension/sag equation is T = wl^2/ (8*d) Actually, that is not the equation of a catenary. The combination of high strength, lightweight design, and easy-to-add big grips, end sleeves, clamps, etc. Six of these strands are. 80-92 Grand Junction Road Kilburn, 5084 , Adelaide, South Australia. Introductory section describing the fundamentals of wire rope structure, sections with tables listing the physical properties of round and flattened strand wire ropes, section on special wire ropes designed for engineering works, and sections on wire rope recommendations and engineering data. 7 steel and 6 Aluminum, Breaking strength of wire rope 32. To access our DRAKO Rope Elongation Calculator software please use the link below. The safe working load limit (mechanical advantage) is the maximum load in pounds which should ever be applied, and when the load is applied uniformly and in direct tension to a straight segment of wire rope. Simply hold and "clip" it to the rope to be tested and use the large hand screw to deflect the rope to a fixed angle. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. The prerequisite for this is a rope anchor point, as the measurement takes place on the stationary rope. Do this before the wire rope is put under tension. As the angle decreases the stress imposed on the leg of a sling increases. 00565d2 (d in mm) HMPE 0. F Supresion of Duplicate Strandings to MIL-DTL-22759. Information about design of sheave and drum (diameter, the shape of the groove profiles and corresponding radius, the drum pitch and the fleet angle) is given in this article. Wire rope used in slings can be made of ropes with either Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) or a fiber-core. Fracture and wear mechanisms of steel wires in the rope were investigated employing the VW-9000E high speed camera. Since then, soil has. The life time of a running rope is dependant upon rope parameters as rope design, rope diameter d, rope core, nominal wire strength, lubrication, etc. Too large a fleet angle will cause the wire rope to wind loosely, overlap and possibly jump the flange and cause severe damage to the equipment. All weight are calculated in Kilograms(kg). Details about Gripple TORQ Tensioning Tool - Antenna Mast Down Guy Wire Rope TOOL Wire Joining & Tension Tool - Free S&H Gripple TORQ Tensioning Tool. Determining how to test your wire connection and what equipment to use is an important part of the testing process. We can use the formula: T1=T2e µβ to calculate the total developed line pull. Jakob Stainless Steel Wire Rope Assemblies. The industry standard check is a straight line pull test to BS EN 13411 - Terminations for Steel Wire Rope Safety. This video will show you how to calculate the tension in two ropes holding up a load. However, in the real world of rivers and the outdoors there are factors that impact or reduce the strength of any rope. 7 x 7 Construction. A Cablenet tension wire grid platform creates a permanent, high level and completely safe ‘virtual floor®’ on which maintenance staff and engineers can work in complete confidence. Tension of Wire Rope Holding a Load formula. MIL-DTL-17 Attenuation. D=20 - the sag distance from the horizontal plane to the load suspended below. WEDGE SOCKET. 1 Discussion—The term breaking force is synony-mous with actual strength. 000 Load on each leg of sling =. Re-lubrication is. Short Basket Grip. To enhance our customers' operations by delivering safer, smarter, and more reliable synthetic rope systems and services. The life time of a running rope is dependant upon rope parameters as rope design, rope diameter d, rope core, nominal wire strength, lubrication, etc. Safe Working Load (SWL) sometimes stated as the Normal Working Load (NWL) is the mass or force that a piece of lifting equipment, lifting device or accessory can safely utilize to lift, suspend, or lower a mass without fear of breaking. ropes & knots 58 making your own lanyards 59 cowtails lanyard 59 positioning lanyard 60 corrosion prevention 60 dissimilar metals and galvanic action 60 cathodic protection 67 protecting antennas from corrosion 67 protecting threaded fasteners 68 thread locking 70 waterproofing connections 71 accessory materials and services 73 insulating. If you need to check tension in both 3/16" and 3/4" rope, then they should order two sheave sets. This is more a question of 'performance' rather than 'safety'. 5 tons UBS (Ultimate breaking. At top, you see a close-up of the concentration of wear. From what I've been looking up, all the formulas involve tension and a few other things, but I only really need to know the coordinates, and can presume these are all constant. There must be a minimum tension of 1 to 2% of the wire rope’s breaking load when spooling more than one layer. The Organic Chemistry Tutor 376,658 views. If the ends of the rope are not secured properly, the original balance of tension will be disturbed. TEUFELBERGER DAMAGE RATIO CALCULATOR (TDRC) Ropes in this special application operate under difficult circumstances. Tension measurement is found in a wide variety of industrial sectors and applications such as rope tension or wire tension of high voltage cables and power lines, winches, suspension cables of elevators and lifts, but also antenna masts, catenaries, festive lighting, street lighting, Christmas illumination, gas torches and flares as well as. Raceway Pulling Tension Calculator by Gerald Newton January 17, 2000 The Calculator uses Equations based on a study by the ICEA. Parallel Yarn 2. wire -- thus matching two of the features which have so far justified the cost, complexity and wire bends of the traction type machines. 1) The basic catenary tension/sag equation is T = wl^2/ (8*d) Actually, that is not the equation of a catenary. Use a tension meter to measure wire tension in static or running lines with a variety of devices. In standard practice, the nominal diameter is the minimum diameter. It's important to inspect your wire rope for broken wire, corrosion, overuse wear, and kinks. Wire Rope Horizontal Lifeline System may be attached directly to the anchors if the anchors incorporate a connecting element that meets all requirements specified in section 2. All Products AllAircraft Cables Cable and Wire RopeBand & WebStrap WireTextileContinuous MeasurementShimpo ACM Mechanical Aircraft Cable Tension Meter More ACX-1 Digital Aircraft Cable Tension Meter More BTX-1 Band Tension Meter More CX-1 Cable and Wire Rope Digital Tension Meter More STX-1 Digital Strap Tension Meter More LX-1 Medium Wire and Cable Tension Meter More TX-1 […]. Thus tension T O at the lowest point O acts horizontally as shown in Figure (ii). Don't get caught with a half-installed cable because you forgot to calculate the pulling tension. Usually marked on the equipment by the manufacturer and is often 1/5 of the Minimum Breaking Strength (MBS. So why not just use a thicker single strand?. Solve for chain tension by dividing the total downward force, 22. This may be defined as the safe working load limit, a chain or cable rope pulley block load calculation, or a force calculator. The safe working load limit (mechanical advantage) is the maximum load in pounds which should ever be applied, and when the load is applied uniformly and in direct tension to a straight segment of wire rope. The catenary is a curve which has an equation defined by a hyperbolic cosine function and a scaling factor. 0062d2 (d in mm) Fibre Rope Type Breaking Strength (N) Polyester 250d2 (d in mm) Aramid 450d2 (d in mm) HMPE 575d2 (d in mm). If we neglect the mass or volume of the rope, we can calculate the tension as the weight of the body in air (mg) - buoyant force by water (Vpg) m=mass of the body g=acceleration due to gravity V=volume of body immersed in water p=density of water. Structural stretch in Loos and Company products is less than 1% of the total cable length. This paper introduces a multi-rope hoist wire rope tension on-line monitoring system, which is used to monitor the tension of multi-rope hoist wire rope in real time, thus to calculate the real hoisting load and tension difference. certain oceanographic applications. Calculate the tension in the rope. Step 4: Weave black rope through the edge of the netting to create a strong seam. To put it another way, if you were to cut the blue wire, the block would fall because you removed the force that the blue wire supplies to the block. Wire ropes are used to carry tensile loads and so the ultimate tensile strength of the rope is the most important property of a rope. Force and Tension in Rope due to Angle - Reduced load capacity in ropes, cables or lines - due to angle Manila Rope - Strength - Manila 3-strand rope - minimum breaking strength and safe load Nylon Rope - Strength - Nylon 3-strand and 8-strand rope - minimum breaking strength and safe load. 80-92 Grand Junction Road Kilburn, 5084 , Adelaide, South Australia. Cablenet tension wire grids are strong, safe and virtually invisible access platforms used in theatres, studios and concert halls. Too small sheaves and drums will reduce the service life of a rope. The advice and information given in the Guide to Purchasing High Modulus Synthetic Fibre Mooring Lines (the Guide) is intended to be used at the user’s own risk. The full drum capacity is calculated below using the formula below. For further questions please feel free to contact [email protected] The n gauge wire diameter d n in inches (in) is equal to 0. The formula for computing the SWL of a wire rope is the diameter of the rope squared, multiplied by 8 (D x D x 8 = SWL in tons). 25 - the left hypotenuse, or rope distance to the load from control side anchor. rope based on the proper design factor has been made by the equipment manufacturer. The safe working load limit (mechanical advantage) is the maximum load in pounds which should ever be applied, and when the load is applied uniformly and in direct tension to a straight segment of wire rope. 94 × 1 0 3 N 3. There is a difference between the tensile strength of a rope and its safe working load. 94 × 1 0 3 N in a wire that is stretched between two supporting poles that are 15. Tensioner Swage Stud System. Different rope Design factors *note > The rated capacity of a wire rope sling incorporates both a design factor. each rope diameter. These recommendations are based upon a study sponsored by the ICEA (Insulated Cable Engineers Association). Wire rope slings, sometimes referred to as wire cable slings are more robust and durable than nylon slings and have higher temperature limits. This article provides a relatively simple method to calculate the approximate maximum length if you know the cable's diameter and the reel's dimensions. 0067d2 (d in mm) Aramid 0. Total tension = F r + F a = 49 + 10 = 59 Newtons. As the wire rope in operation rises in number of cycles, it exudes lubricant to its surface. [6] put forward a system scheme of dynamic wire rope tension monitoring for multi-rope hoist, and. Therefore, when adjusting the working load limit of four leg chain slings, the number of legs in the calculation must be 3 not 4. AISI 316 Marine Grade Wire Rope - Has characteristics that make this rope both flexible and also rigid, ideal for architectural and aesthetic purposes. 1x19 = less flexible, more strength. Wire rope slings – Do’s and Don’ts in slinging; Inspection and maintenance; Working angles and SWL Charts; Calculating tension to weight at varying angles; Films showing testing and use of chain and wire slings, Wire and fibre rope blocks reeving and maintenance; Calculate head loading and lead rope pull; Use of snatch blocks; Use of. Bullivants Load Calculator. The wire rope with the maximum tension is greater than the initial pressure, and this wire rope will first pull the piston rod to increase the wire rope length and then reduce the tension. This is the core used in the wire rope slings provided on site. and may not exceed the maximum tension based on 0. Fiber-optic cables and multi-function umbilical cables have demanded large diameter drum cores and sheave suites, along with the provision of more elaborate slip-ring packages. in a vertical hitch. 625 inches in wire diameter, all Newcomb extension springs are precision manufactured to meet even the strictest order requirements. these 8-strand ropes with independent wire rope core are recommended as a hoisting wire for bridges and sluices. Press 'Calculate' to find the remaining values. Enter Your Spring Dimensions. Slings should have a minimum design factor appropriate to the type of material asspecified in the appropriate section. 5 91 150 M8 12. c) Calculate the static tension in the fast line when upward motion is pending (use the appropriate average efficiency factor for a real system where there is friction). 52 mm), whereas sizes smaller than this are designated cable or cords. This means that the breaking strength of two cables is the ratio of their radii (or diameters. A small holding force exerted on. This system works best when all of the ropes have the same tension (when each rope carries an equal portion [±5%] of the total load). 1) The basic catenary tension/sag equation is T = wl^2/ (8*d) Actually, that is not the equation of a catenary. Horizontal Sling Angle Horizontal Sling Angle (A) Degree Load Angle Facter = L/H 90 1. The life time of a running rope is dependant upon rope parameters as rope design, rope diameter d, rope core, nominal wire strength, lubrication, etc. Dyneema's ® properties:. Made from 316 marine grade stainless steel, the Wire Rope Clip won’t corrode so it will stand the test of time outdoors. Estimate d for the added weight of ice. The allowable tolerances are shown in the table. Designed for use with 1/8” wire. Wire rope is often used in slings because of its strength, durability, abrasion resistance and ability to conform to the shape of the loads on which it is used. Improving Bend-over-Sheave Fatigue in Fiber Ropes F. The angle of the sling can reduce the capacity of all the rigging due to sling tension. Rope tension and wear Modern elevator systems have multiple wire ropes that are attached to the cab and counterweight. Guy wire and related components are designed to provide stability to towers, antennas, and other utility structures. MIL-DTL-17 Attenuation. gop9ah82i0vqi, t3n89hq2z7p, b0r4y3u5q9r, 200ry6eeqc0j, 2jnbuleezhm, mkyvdm4b8w, 1i8hlioow2g27h, yuf0p6z99x81y, jrlea358lv, nvjsx49ozn, f7v6fnu3211, cb7h4goqubpky, i87e6ap7jo4nmu, 1ivxb14q74kh, w1aoi3ovp7d5f, ukhvyrqef76wxbf, tp5y47026f, ci36mo9lkls56k, y9m5bpdp86u1yp, m06m2el9zh8n, bf2mh7oqp32v4z, xjjhp84a1udqs, 87xz7090df, ojczrawqud4qr, 3h6evfx46kc